Everything related to Arabic in United States: its institutions, professors and researchers, projects, books and activities, and its news and articles.
Universities, departments, institutes, schools and associations
Seattle, Washington
Arabic is taught at University of Washington (Arabic & Islamic Studies Program, Department of Middle Eastern Languages and Cultures), in Seattle, Washington. It offers Bachelor's and Master's degrees.
College Park, Maryland
Arabic is taught at College Park (Arabic Studies Program, School of Languages, Literatures, and Cultures, University of Maryland), in College Park, Maryland. It offers Bachelor's degrees.
Monterey, California
Arabic is taught at Middlebury Institute of International Studies at Monterey (Arabic Studies), in Monterey, California.
East Lansing, Michigan
Arabic is taught at Michigan State University (Arabic, Department of Linguistics, Languages, and Cultures), in East Lansing, Michigan. It offers Bachelor's degrees.
Tucson, Arizona
Arabic is taught at University of Arizona (Arabic Flagship Program), in Tucson, Arizona.
Urbana-Champaign, Illinois
Arabic is taught at University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign (Less Commonly Taught Languages Program, Department of Linguistics), in Urbana-Champaign, Illinois.
Claremont, California
Arabic is taught at Claremont McKenna College (Arabic Language Program, Department of Modern Languages and Literatures), in Claremont, California.
Cambridge, Massachusetts
Arabic is taught at Harvard University (Arabic Program, Department of Near Eastern Languages and Civilizations), in Cambridge, Massachusetts. It offers Bachelor's and PhD degrees.
Chicago, Illinois
Arabic is taught at University of Chicago (Arabic Language and Literature, Department of Middle Eastern Studies), in Chicago, Illinois.
Norman, Oklahoma
Arabic is taught at University of Oklahoma (Arabic Program), in Norman, Oklahoma. It offers Bachelor's degrees.
Charleston, South Carolina
Arabic is taught at College of Charleston (Arabic program (Middle Eastern and Islamic World Studies)), in Charleston, South Carolina.
Washington, D.C.
Arabic is taught at Georgetown University (Department of Arabic and Islamic Studies), in Washington, D.C.. It offers Bachelor's, Master's and PhD degrees.
Logan, Utah
Arabic is taught at Utah State University (Department of World Languages and Cultures), in Logan, Utah.
Princeton, New Jersey
Arabic is taught at Princeton University (Department of Near Eastern Studies), in Princeton, New Jersey.
Ithaca, New York
Arabic is taught at Cornell University (Department of Near Eastern Studies), in Ithaca, New York.
New York
Arabic is taught at New York University (Department of Middle Eastern and Islamic Studies), in New York.
Austin, Texas
Arabic is taught at The University of Texas at Austin (Department of Middle Eastern Studies), in Austin, Texas. It offers Bachelor's degrees.
Ann Arbor, Michigan
Arabic is taught at University of Michigan (Department of Middle East Studies), in Ann Arbor, Michigan. It offers Bachelor's, Master's and PhD degrees.
Columbus, Ohio
Arabic is taught at The Ohio State University (Department of Near Eastern and South Asian Languages and Cultures), in Columbus, Ohio. It offers Bachelor's degrees.
New Haven, Connecticut
Arabic is taught at Yale University (Department of Near Eastern Languages and Civilizations), in New Haven, Connecticut. It offers Bachelor's and PhD degrees.
Bloomington, Indiana
Arabic is taught at Indiana University Bloomington (Department of Middle Eastern Languages and Cultures), in Bloomington, Indiana.
Berkeley, California
Arabic is taught at Berkeley (Department of Middle Eastern Languages and Cultures, University of California), in Berkeley, California. It offers Bachelor's degrees.
Charlottesville, Virginia
Arabic is taught at University of Virginia (Department of Middle Eastern & South Asian Languages and Cultures), in Charlottesville, Virginia.
Tucson, Arizona
Arabic is taught at University of Arizona (School of Middle Eastern & North African Studies), in Tucson, Arizona.
Arlington, Virginia
Arabic is taught at U.S. Department of State (Foreign Service Institute), in Arlington, Virginia.
Monterey, California
Arabic is taught at Defense Language Institute Foreign Language Center (DLIFLC), in Monterey, California.
Bemidji, Minnesota
Arabic is taught at Concordia College (Al-Waha Arabic Language Village, Concordia Language Villages), in Bemidji, Minnesota.
Middlebury, Vermont
Arabic is taught at Middlebury College (Arabic School, Middlebury Language Schools), in Middlebury, Vermont. It offers Master's degrees.
Provo, Utah
Arabic is taught at Brigham Young University (National Middle East Language Resource Center (NMELRC)), in Provo, Utah.
Baltimore, Maryland
Arabic is taught at Johns Hopkins University (Arabic Program, Center for Language Education), in Baltimore, Maryland.
Stanford, California
Arabic is taught at Stanford University (Arabic Language Program, Stanford Language Center), in Stanford, California.
Tucson, Arizona
Arabic is taught at University of Arizona (Center for Arabic Study Abroad (CASA)), in Tucson, Arizona.
From the directory of Arabic programmes for non-native speakers — shown here automatically
Intensive Arabic Language Program (Summer) — The Ohio State University
The Ohio State University — Department of Near Eastern and South Asian Languages and Cultures
United States · Columbus
UniversityMaster in Arabic — Middlebury Language Schools
Middlebury College — Language Schools
United States · Vermont
UniversityArabic Summer Institute (ASI) — University of Texas at Austin
The University of Texas at Austin — Department of Middle Eastern Studies
United States · Austin
UniversityArabic Summer Language Institute — University of Maryland
University of Maryland — School of Languages, Literatures, and Cultures
United States · College Park
UniversityArabic Flagship Program — Indiana University Bloomington
Indiana University, part of The Language Flagship
United States · Bloomington
UniversityMiddlebury Language Schools — Arabic School (Summer Immersion)
Middlebury College — Language Schools
United States · Vermont
UniversitySummer Language Institute: Arabic — University of Virginia
University of Virginia
United States · Charlottesville
UniversitySummer Arabic Language Institute — American Islamic College
American Islamic College
United States · Chicago
National bodyCritical Language Scholarship (CLS) — Arabic
U.S. Department of State
United States
InstituteAl-Wāḥa Arabic Language Village
Concordia Language Villages
United States · Bemidji, Minnesota
UniversityArizona Arabic Flagship Program
University of Arizona
United States · Tucson
UniversityArabic at the Department of Arabic and Islamic Studies, Georgetown
Georgetown University
United States · واشنطن
Peer-reviewed journals and book series on Arabic published in this country — from the publication-venues directory, shown here automatically
Al-'Arabiyya: Journal of the American Association of Teachers of Arabic
American Association of Teachers of Arabic (AATA)
United States · Arabic and others
ISSN: 2375-4036
International Refereed book series Conference proceedings seriesProceedings of the Arabic Natural Language Processing Conference (ArabicNLP)
Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL Anthology)
United States · About Arabic
Conference papers International Peer-reviewed journalJournal of the American Oriental Society (JAOS)
American Oriental Society
United States · About Arabic
ISSN: 2169-2289
Multidisciplinary International Refereed book seriesLibrary of Arabic Literature
NYU Press (with the NYU Abu Dhabi Institute)
United States · Arabic and others
No submissions International Peer-reviewed journalJournal of Arabic Linguistics Tradition (JALT)
Journal of Arabic Linguistics Tradition (ISSN registry: University of Oklahoma, Dept. of Modern Languages; site now hosted by the University of Michigan)
United States · Arabic and others
ISSN: 1542-3921
Online only International Peer-reviewed journalJournal of the National Council of Less Commonly Taught Languages (JNCOLCTL)
National Council of Less Commonly Taught Languages (NCOLCTL)
United States · About Arabic
ISSN: 2689-2979
DOAJ Peer-reviewed journalJournal of Near Eastern Studies (JNES)
University of Chicago Press
United States · About Arabic
ISSN: 1545-6978
Multidisciplinary International Peer-reviewed journalMamlūk Studies Review (MSR)
Middle East Documentation Center (MEDOC), University of Chicago
United States · About Arabic
ISSN: 1947-2404
Multidisciplinary International Peer-reviewed journalAl-ʿUṣūr al-Wusṭā: The Journal of Middle East Medievalists
Middle East Medievalists (hosted by Columbia University Libraries)
United States · About Arabic
ISSN: 2769-2922
Multidisciplinary International Peer-reviewed journalJournal of the International Qur'anic Studies Association (JIQSA)
De Gruyter Brill (formerly Lockwood Press) for the International Qur'anic Studies Association
United States · About Arabic
ISSN: 2474-8420
International Peer-reviewed journalArab Studies Journal
Arab Studies Institute (affiliated with Georgetown University CCAS)
United States · About Arabic
ISSN: 2328-9627
Multidisciplinary International Peer-reviewed journalArab Studies Quarterly
Pluto Journals for the Association of Arab-American University Graduates / Center for Islamic and Middle Eastern Studies
United States · About Arabic
ISSN: 2043-6920
Multidisciplinary International Peer-reviewed journalInternational Journal of Middle East Studies (IJMES)
Cambridge University Press for the Middle East Studies Association of North America (MESA)
United States · About Arabic
ISSN: 1471-6380
Multidisciplinary International Peer-reviewed journalReview of Middle East Studies (RoMES)
Cambridge University Press for MESA
United States · About Arabic
ISSN: 2329-3225
Multidisciplinary International Peer-reviewed journalMaarav: A Journal for the Study of the Northwest Semitic Languages and Literatures
University of Chicago Press on behalf of ASOR
United States · About Arabic
ISSN: 2836-7103
Multidisciplinary International Peer-reviewed journalJournal of Islamic and Muslim Studies (JIMS)
Indiana University Press
United States · About Arabic
ISSN: 2470-7074
Multidisciplinary International Peer-reviewed journalThe Muslim World
Wiley (Hartford International University)
United States · About Arabic
ISSN: 1478-1913
Multidisciplinary International Peer-reviewed journalAmerican Journal of Islam and Society (AJIS)
International Institute of Islamic Thought (IIIT)
United States · About Arabic
ISSN: 2690-3733
Multidisciplinary International Peer-reviewed journalTranslation and Interpreting Studies (TIS)
John Benjamins for the American Translation and Interpreting Studies Association (ATISA)
United States · About Arabic
ISSN: 1876-2700
Multidisciplinary International Peer-reviewed journalForeign Language Annals
Wiley for ACTFL
United States · About Arabic
ISSN: 1944-9720
Multidisciplinary International Peer-reviewed journalThe Modern Language Journal
Wiley for the National Federation of Modern Language Teachers Associations
United States · About Arabic
ISSN: 1540-4781
Multidisciplinary International Peer-reviewed journalLinguistic Inquiry
The MIT Press
United States · About Arabic
ISSN: 1530-9150
Multidisciplinary International Peer-reviewed journalACM Transactions on Asian and Low-Resource Language Information Processing (TALLIP)
Association for Computing Machinery
United States · About Arabic
ISSN: 2375-4702
Multidisciplinary International Refereed book seriesModern Middle East Literatures in Translation
University of Texas Press / Center for Middle Eastern Studies, UT Austin
United States · About Arabic
Multidisciplinary No submissions International Refereed book seriesResources in Arabic and Islamic Studies (RAIS)
Lockwood Press
United States · About Arabic
Multidisciplinary No submissions InternationalThose who teach Arabic or research it
Work under way in the country
Curricula, textbooks, series and learners’ dictionaries
Competitions and recurring programmes, courses for Arabic teachers, forums and workshops
Written by the site’s editors
Written by people in the country and others who care about Arabic there, and reviewed before publication
How the writer came to Arabic, and what kept them with it
Questions put to teachers of Arabic in the country, in their own words
Words in the country's language that come from Arabic, each with its source
الإنجليزيّة
أميرُ البحر، قائدُ الأسطول
دخلت عن طريق الفرنسيّة القديمة، وهي «أمير الـ» مقتطعةً من تراكيب مثل «أمير المؤمنين»
Source: Dictionary.com (Random House Unabridged Dictionary) – مدخل «admiral»، قسم Origin
Its words on the origin: «1175–1225; Middle English, variant of amiral < Old French < Arabic amīr al commander of the; -d- < Medieval Latin admīrābilis mundī for Arabic amīr al-mu'minīn commander of the faithful»
الإنجليزيّة
الخيمياء
دخلت عن طريق الفرنسيّة القديمة واللاتينيّة الوسيطة، والعربيّة أخذتها من اليونانيّة
Source: Dictionary.com (Random House Unabridged Dictionary) – مدخل «alchemy»، قسم Origin
Its words on the origin: «1375–1425; from Old French alquemie, from Medieval Latin alchymia, from Arabic al “the” + kīmiyā', from Greek chēmeía»
الإنجليزيّة
الكحول
دخلت عن طريق اللاتينيّة الوسيطة والحديثة، وأصلُ معناها مسحوقُ الإثمد
Source: Dictionary.com (Random House Unabridged Dictionary) – مدخل «alcohol»، قسم Origin
Its words on the origin: «1535–45; < New Latin < Medieval Latin < Arabic al-kuḥl the powdered antimony, the distillate»
الإنجليزيّة
تجويفٌ في الجدار أو مُخدع
دخلت عن طريق الفرنسيّة والإسبانيّة
Source: Dictionary.com (Random House Unabridged Dictionary) – مدخل «alcove»، قسم Origin
Its words on the origin: «1670–80; < French alcôve < Spanish alcoba < Arabic al-qubbah the dome»
الإنجليزيّة
علمُ الجبر
دخلت عن طريق اللاتينيّة الوسيطة
Source: Dictionary.com (Random House Unabridged Dictionary) – مدخل «algebra»، قسم Origin
Its words on the origin: «1535–45; < Medieval Latin < Arabic al-jabr literally, restoration»
الإنجليزيّة
خوارزميّة: خطواتُ حلٍّ محدّدة
صيغةٌ من algorism نسبةً إلى الخوارزميّ، عن طريق اللاتينيّة الوسيطة، وتأثّرت باليونانيّة arithmós «عدد»
Source: Dictionary.com – مدخلا «algorithm» و«algorism»
Its words on the origin: «algorithm: variant of algorism, by association with Greek arithmós “number”. algorism: from Medieval Latin algorismus, from Arabic al “the” + kh(u)wārizmī (surname of a 9th-century Muslim mathematician)»
الإنجليزيّة
القَلَويّ
دخلت عن طريق الفرنسيّة الوسيطة، والقِلْي رمادُ نباتٍ ملحيّ
Source: Dictionary.com (Random House Unabridged Dictionary) – مدخل «alkali»، قسم Origin
Its words on the origin: «1300–50; Middle English alkaly < Middle French alcali < dialectal Arabic al-qalī, variant of Arabic qily saltwort ashes»
الإنجليزيّة
التقويمُ السنويّ
دخلت عن طريق اللاتينيّة الوسيطة من عربيّة الأندلس، والمعجمُ لا يقطع بأصل الكلمة العربيّة
Source: Dictionary.com (Random House Unabridged Dictionary) – مدخل «almanac»، قسم Origin
Its words on the origin: «1350–1400; Middle English almenak < Medieval Latin almanach < Spanish Arabic al the + manākh calendar < ?»
الإنجليزيّة
الكهرمان
دخلت عن طريق الفرنسيّة القديمة واللاتينيّة الوسيطة، وكان العنبرُ اسمَ مادّةٍ أخرى
Source: Dictionary.com (Random House Unabridged Dictionary) – مدخل «amber»، قسم Origin
Its words on the origin: «1350–1400; Middle English ambre < Old French < Medieval Latin ambra < Arabic ʿanbar ambergris»
الإنجليزيّة
المشمش
دخلت عن طريق الفرنسيّة والبرتغاليّة أو الإسبانيّة، والعربيّة أخذتها من اليونانيّة عن اللاتينيّة
Source: Dictionary.com (Random House Unabridged Dictionary) – مدخل «apricot»، قسم Origin
Its words on the origin: «1545–55; < Middle French abricot < Portuguese albricoque or Spanish albar(i)coque < Arabic al the + barqūq < Medieval Greek < Late Latin praecocquum»
الإنجليزيّة
مستودعُ السلاح
دخلت عن طريق الإيطاليّة (لهجة البندقيّة) والفرنسيّة الوسيطة
Source: Dictionary.com (Random House Unabridged Dictionary) – مدخل «arsenal»، قسم Origin
Its words on the origin: «1500–10; (< Middle French) < Italian arzanale < Upper Italian (Venetian) arzanà dockyard < Arabic dār ṣināʿah workshop (literally, house of handwork)»
الإنجليزيّة
قاتلٌ غِيلةً
دخلت عن طريق اللاتينيّة الوسيطة
Source: Dictionary.com (Random House Unabridged Dictionary) – مدخل «assassin»، قسم Origin
Its words on the origin: «1525–35; < Medieval Latin assassinī (plural) < Arabic ḥashshāshīn eaters of hashish»
الإنجليزيّة
زاويةُ السَّمت
دخلت عن طريق الفرنسيّة الوسيطة
Source: Dictionary.com (Random House Unabridged Dictionary) – مدخل «azimuth»، قسم Origin
Its words on the origin: «1350–1400; Middle English azimut < Middle French ≪ Arabic as sumūt the ways (i.e., directions)»
الإنجليزيّة
الحلوى
دخلت عن طريق الفرنسيّة الوسيطة، والعربيّة أخذتها من الفارسيّة عن السنسكريتيّة
Source: Dictionary.com (Random House Unabridged Dictionary) – مدخل «candy»، قسم Origin
Its words on the origin: «1225–75; Middle English candi < Middle French sucre candi; candi ≪ Arabic qandī < Persian qandi sugar < Sanskrit khaṇḍakaḥ»
الإنجليزيّة
القيراط
دخلت عن طريق اللاتينيّة الوسيطة، والعربيّة أخذتها من اليونانيّة
Source: Dictionary.com (Random House Unabridged Dictionary) – مدخل «carat»، قسم Origin
Its words on the origin: «1545–55; < Medieval Latin carratus < Arabic qīrāṭ weight of 4 grains < Greek kerátion carob bean»
الإنجليزيّة
كِشّ ملِك المُنهي للعبة
دخلت عن طريق الفرنسيّة الوسيطة، والعبارةُ فارسيّةٌ في أصلها
Source: Dictionary.com (Random House Unabridged Dictionary) – مدخل «checkmate»، قسم Origin
Its words on the origin: «1300–50; Middle English chek mat(e), from Middle French escec mat, from Arabic shāh māt, from Persian: literally, “the king (is) checked, nonplussed”»
الإنجليزيّة
الرقم؛ والشيفرة
دخلت عن طريق اللاتينيّة الوسيطة، والعربيّة ترجمت بها السنسكريتيّة śūnyā «الفارغ»
Source: Dictionary.com (Random House Unabridged Dictionary) – مدخل «cipher»، قسم Origin
Its words on the origin: «1350–1400; Middle English siphre, from Medieval Latin ciphra, from Arabic ṣifr “empty, zero”; translation of Sanskrit śūnyā “empty”»
الإنجليزيّة
القهوة
دخلت عن طريق الإيطاليّة والتركيّة
Source: Dictionary.com (Random House Unabridged Dictionary) – مدخل «coffee»، قسم Origin
Its words on the origin: «1590–1600; < Italian caffè < Turkish kahve < Arabic qahwah»
الإنجليزيّة
القطن
دخلت عن طريق الفرنسيّة القديمة
Source: Dictionary.com (Random House Unabridged Dictionary) – مدخل «cotton»، قسم Origin
Its words on the origin: «1250–1300; Middle English cotoun, from Old French coton, from Arabic quṭun, quṭn»
الإنجليزيّة
الأحمرُ القاني
دخلت عن طريق اللاتينيّة الوسيطة
Source: Dictionary.com (Random House Unabridged Dictionary) – مدخل «crimson»، قسم Origin
Its words on the origin: «1375–1425; late Middle English cremesin, from Medieval Latin cremesīnus, ultimately from Arabic qirmizī»
الإنجليزيّة
الإكسير، دواءٌ عجيب
دخلت عن طريق اللاتينيّة الوسيطة، والعربيّة أخذتها من اليونانيّة
Source: Dictionary.com (Random House Unabridged Dictionary) – مدخل «elixir»، قسم Origin
Its words on the origin: «1350–1400; Middle English < Medieval Latin < Arabic al iksīr alchemical preparation < Late Greek xḗrion drying powder»
الإنجليزيّة
الغزال
دخلت عن طريق الفرنسيّة
Source: Dictionary.com (Random House Unabridged Dictionary) – مدخل «gazelle»، قسم Origin
Its words on the origin: «1575–85; < French; Old French gazel < Arabic ghazāla»
الإنجليزيّة
الزرافة
دخلت عن طريق الفرنسيّة والإيطاليّة، وأصلُها قبل العربيّة غيرُ مؤكّد
Source: Dictionary.com (Random House Unabridged Dictionary) – مدخل «giraffe»، قسم Origin
Its words on the origin: «1585–95; from French girafe, from Italian giraffa, from dialectal Arabic zirāfah; further origin uncertain»
الإنجليزيّة
وعاءٌ أو مَرْطَبان
طريقُ دخولها غيرُ محسوم: الفرنسيّة أو الإسبانيّة والبرتغاليّة أو اللاتينيّة الوسيطة، وكلُّها تنتهي إلى العربيّة
Source: Dictionary.com (Random House Unabridged Dictionary) – مدخل «jar»، قسم Origin
Its words on the origin: «1585–95; Middle English jarre, possibly from Old French jarre, from Spanish or Portuguese jarra, or from Medieval Latin jarra, from Old Provençal jarra, from Arabic jarrah “earthen water vessel”»
الإنجليزيّة
العود، آلةٌ وتريّة
دخلت عن طريق الفرنسيّة والبروفنساليّة القديمة
Source: Dictionary.com (Random House Unabridged Dictionary) – مدخل «lute»، قسم Origin
Its words on the origin: «1325–75; Middle English lut(e), from Middle French, Old French leut, lut, from Old Provençal laut, from Arabic al ʿūd»
الإنجليزيّة
مجلّة؛ وأصلُها المخزن
دخلت عن طريق الفرنسيّة والإيطاليّة
Source: Dictionary.com (Random House Unabridged Dictionary) – مدخل «magazine»، قسم Origin
Its words on the origin: «1575–85; from French magasin, from Italian magazzino “warehouse, depot” from Arabic makhāzin, plural of makhzan “storehouse”»
الإنجليزيّة
فِراشُ السرير
دخلت عن طريق الفرنسيّة القديمة والإيطاليّة
Source: Dictionary.com (Random House Unabridged Dictionary) – مدخل «mattress»، قسم Origin
Its words on the origin: «1250–1300; Middle English materas < Old French < Italian materasso < Arabic maṭraḥ mat, cushion»
الإنجليزيّة
صوفُ ماعز الأنقرة
دخلت عن طريق الإيطاليّة، وتغيّر لفظُها بالتأويل الشعبيّ
Source: Dictionary.com (Random House Unabridged Dictionary) – مدخل «mohair»، قسم Origin
Its words on the origin: «1560–70; variant (by folk etymology) of earlier mocayare < Italian moccaiaro < Arabic mukhayyar literally, chosen, choice»
الإنجليزيّة
الرياح الموسميّة
دخلت عن طريق الهولنديّة والبرتغاليّة
Source: Dictionary.com (Random House Unabridged Dictionary) – مدخل «monsoon»، قسم Origin
Its words on the origin: «1575–85; from obsolete Dutch monssoen, from Portuguese monção, from Arabic mawsim “season,” noun derivative of wasama “to mark”»
الإنجليزيّة
النقطةُ المقابلة للسمت؛ والحضيض
دخلت عن طريق الفرنسيّة الوسيطة واللاتينيّة الوسيطة
Source: Dictionary.com (Random House Unabridged Dictionary) – مدخل «nadir»، قسم Origin
Its words on the origin: «1350–1400; Middle English nadir, from Middle French nadir, from Medieval Latin nadir, from Arabic naẓīr (as-samt) “opposite (the zenith)”»
الإنجليزيّة
البرتقال
دخلت عن طريق الفرنسيّة القديمة، والعربيّة أخذتها من الفارسيّة عن السنسكريتيّة
Source: Dictionary.com (Random House Unabridged Dictionary) – مدخل «orange»، قسم Origin
Its words on the origin: «1300–50; Middle English, Old French orenge, from Arabic nāranj, from Persian nārang, from Sanskrit nāraṅga»
الإنجليزيّة
رحلةٌ في البرّيّة لمشاهدة الحيوان
دخلت عن طريق السواحيليّة
Source: Dictionary.com (Random House Unabridged Dictionary) – مدخل «safari»، قسم Origin
Its words on the origin: «1885–90; < Swahili < Arabic safar journey»
الإنجليزيّة
الزعفران
دخلت عن طريق الفرنسيّة القديمة واللاتينيّة الوسيطة
Source: Dictionary.com (Random House Unabridged Dictionary) – مدخل «saffron»، قسم Origin
Its words on the origin: «1150–1200; Middle English saffran, Old French safran < Medieval Latin saffrānum < Arabic zaʿfarān»
الإنجليزيّة
أريكة
دخلت عن طريق التركيّة
Source: Dictionary.com (Random House Unabridged Dictionary) – مدخل «sofa»، قسم Origin
Its words on the origin: «1615–25; < Turkish < Arabic ṣuffah platform used as a seat»
الإنجليزيّة
السبانخ
دخلت عن طريق الفرنسيّة واللاتينيّة الوسيطة، وقد تكون العربيّة أخذتها من الفارسيّة
Source: Dictionary.com (Random House Unabridged Dictionary) – مدخل «spinach»، قسم Origin
Its words on the origin: «1400–50; Middle English spinache, from Anglo-French, from Old French espinache, from Medieval Latin spinargium, ultimately from Arabic isfānākh, isfināj, perhaps from Persian isfānāj»
الإنجليزيّة
السكّر
دخلت عن طريق الفرنسيّة واللاتينيّة الوسيطة والإيطاليّة، ويقرنها المعجم بالفارسيّة «شَكَر»
Source: Dictionary.com (Random House Unabridged Dictionary) – مدخل «sugar»، قسم Origin
Its words on the origin: «1250–1300; Middle English sugre, sucre < Middle French sucre < Medieval Latin succārum < Italian zucchero < Arabic sukkar; obscurely akin to Persian shakar»
الإنجليزيّة
الشراب المحلّى
دخلت عن طريق اللاتينيّة الوسيطة والفرنسيّة
Source: Dictionary.com (Random House Unabridged Dictionary) – مدخل «syrup»، قسم Origin
Its words on the origin: «1350–1400; < Medieval Latin syrupus < Arabic sharāb a drink; replacing Middle English sirop < Middle French»
الإنجليزيّة
الطَّلق، معدنٌ ليّن
دخلت عن طريق اللاتينيّة الوسيطة، والعربيّة أخذتها من الفارسيّة
Source: Dictionary.com (Random House Unabridged Dictionary) – مدخل «talc»، قسم Origin
Its words on the origin: «1595–1605; < Medieval Latin talcum < Arabic ṭalq mica < Persian talk»
الإنجليزيّة
التمر الهنديّ
دخلت عن طريق اللاتينيّة الوسيطة
Source: Dictionary.com (Random House Unabridged Dictionary) – مدخل «tamarind»، قسم Origin
Its words on the origin: «1525–35; < Medieval Latin tamarindus ≪ Arabic tamr hindī literally, Indian date»
الإنجليزيّة
تعرِفةٌ جمركيّة
دخلت عن طريق الإيطاليّة
Source: Dictionary.com (Random House Unabridged Dictionary) – مدخل «tariff»، قسم Origin
Its words on the origin: «1585–95; earlier tariffa, from Italian, from Arabic taʿrīfah, derivative of ʿarrafa “to make known”»
الإنجليزيّة
سمتُ الرأس؛ والذروة
دخلت عن طريق الإسبانيّة القديمة واللاتينيّة الوسيطة، بقراءةٍ خاطئةٍ لـ«سمت»
Source: Dictionary.com (Random House Unabridged Dictionary) – مدخل «zenith»، قسم Origin
Its words on the origin: «1350–1400; Middle English cenith < Medieval Latin < Old Spanish zenit, scribal error for zemt < Arabic samt road (compare Arabic samt ar-rās road above one's head)»
الإنجليزيّة
الصفر
دخلت عن طريق الإيطاليّة واللاتينيّة الوسيطة
Source: Dictionary.com (Random House Unabridged Dictionary) – مدخل «zero»، قسم Origin
Its words on the origin: «1595–1605; < Italian < Medieval Latin zephirum < Arabic ṣifr cipher»
Questions about Arabic asked from this country, with their answers
Collections in the country that hold Arabic manuscripts
واشنطن
مجموعةُ المنصوريّ، أكبرُ مجموعاتها العربيّة، تضمّ «نحو 1500 إلى 2000 مخطوطة» بحسب المكتبة.
Source: Library of Congress, «Arabic Language Rare Materials Collection – About this Collection»
نيو هيفن
«نحو 4000» مجلّد بالعربية والفارسية والتركية العثمانية معًا. ولا يذكر المصدر عدد العربية منها وحدها.
Source: Yale University Library, Research Guide «Near East Collection: About»
برنستون (نيوجيرسي)
«قرابةُ 10,000 مجلّدٍ» من المخطوطات العربيّة والفارسيّة والتركيّة العثمانيّة وغيرها بالحرف العربيّ، بحسب المكتبة (2015)، وأكثرُها بالعربيّة.
Source: Princeton University Library, «Expanded Digitization of Islamic Manuscripts» (2015)
آن آربر
أكثر من 1800 نصّ، منها أكثر من 1374 نصًّا عربيًّا، في ما يزيد قليلًا على 1100 مجلّد.
Source: University of Michigan Library, Research Guide «Islamic Manuscripts Collection: About»
كامبريدج (ماساتشوستس)
«مئات» من مخطوطات الشرق الأوسط، والعربية أكثرها. ولا يذكر المصدر عددًا محدّدًا.
Source: Harvard Library, Research Guide «Middle Eastern Studies: Manuscripts»
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