Voice of Arabic Network
Search

What They Said About the Arabs and Arabic

What Arab and Muslim scholars have said about their language, and what scholars from outside the Arab world have said about it, and about the Arabs and their civilisation. Nothing is published until it was read in its author's own book or in a named, reliable witness; the Western sayings appear in their original languages beside a translation, each with a link to the page of the book.

105 sayings — 52 by Arab and Muslim scholars, 53 by others; 48 read in the original language of their author.

How these sayings were documented

Most sayings of Western scholars about Arabic circulate in Arabic translations taken from secondary sources, and many turned out to add to or cut from the original. We went back to the authors' own books, in scans of their pages, and publish the original text with a faithful translation, noting under each saying where the circulated version departs from it. Sayings whose original we have not yet found are not published.

Read in the original Read in its author's own language (French, German, Latin…) in a scan of the book; the original is printed beside any translation. From the author's own Arabic The author's own Arabic words, read in his book by edition, volume and page; the English is our translation. Narrated with its chain The speaker wrote no book of his own; this is read in a work that narrates it from him with its chain of transmission, by edition, volume and page. Via a reliable witness Reported by a named scholar without a chain, or not found in the author's own work.

Showing 6 of 105 Clear filters

Via a reliable witness
“Learn Arabic, for it is part of your religion; and learn the laws of inheritance, for they are part of your religion.”
تَعَلَّمُوا العَرَبِيَّةَ فَإِنَّها مِنْ دِينِكُمْ، وَتَعَلَّمُوا الفَرائِضَ فَإِنَّها مِنْ دِينِكُمْ
Umar ibn al-Khattab
d. 23 AH / 644 CE
 From the author's own Arabic
“Every Muslim must learn as much of the tongue of the Arabs as his effort can reach, so that by it he may bear witness that there is no god but God and that Muhammad is His servant and messenger, and recite by it the Book of God.”
فَعَلَى كُلِّ مُسْلِمٍ أَنْ يَتَعَلَّمَ مِنْ لِسانِ العَرَبِ ما بَلَغَهُ جُهْدُهُ حَتَّى يَشْهَدَ بِهِ أَنْ لا إِلَهَ إِلّا اللَّهُ وَأَنَّ مُحَمَّداً عَبْدُهُ وَرَسُولُهُ، وَيَتْلُوَ بِهِ كِتابَ اللَّهِ
al-Shafi'i
d. 204 AH / 820 CE
 From the author's own Arabic
“Once God had sent the best of His messengers from among the Arabs and sent down to him the last of His books in the tongue of the Arabs, it became an obligation on people to learn the tongue of the Arabs, even if a communal one, so that they might understand from God His command and prohibition, His promise and warning, and grasp from His Messenger his explanation and his conveying of the message.”
بَعْدَ أَنْ بَعَثَ اللَّهُ أَفْضَلَ رُسُلِهِ مِنَ العَرَبِ وَأَنْزَلَ عَلَيْهِ آخِرَ كُتُبِهِ بِلِسانِ العَرَبِ فَصارَ عَلَى النّاسِ فَرْضاً أَنْ يَتَعَلَّمُوا لِسانَ العَرَبِ وَإِنْ كانَ ذَلِكَ مِنْ فُرُوضِ الكِفايَةِ لِيَعْقِلُوا عَنِ اللَّهِ أَمْرَهُ وَنَهْيَهُ وَوَعْدَهُ وَوَعِيدَهُ، وَيَفْهَمُوا عَنْ رَسُولِهِ - ﷺ - بَيانَهُ وَتَبْلِيغَهُ
al-Bayhaqi
d. 458 AH / 1066 CE
 From the author's own Arabic
“Know that habitual use of a language has a strong and evident effect on the mind, on character and on religion; it also brings one closer to the first generation of this community, the Companions and their Successors, and resembling them increases mind, religion and character. Moreover, the Arabic language itself is part of the religion, and knowing it is an obligation: understanding the Book and the Sunna is obligatory, they cannot be understood without understanding Arabic, and whatever an obligation cannot be fulfilled without is itself obligatory.”
وَاعْلَمْ أَنَّ اعْتِيادَ اللُّغَةِ يُؤَثِّرُ فِي العَقْلِ وَالخُلُقِ وَالدِّينِ تَأْثِيراً قَوِيّاً بَيِّناً… فَإِنَّ نَفْسَ اللُّغَةِ العَرَبِيَّةِ مِنَ الدِّينِ، وَمَعْرِفَتَها فَرْضٌ واجِبٌ.
Ibn Taymiyya
d. 728 AH / 1328 CE
 From the author's own Arabic
“It is well known that learning and teaching Arabic is a communal obligation. The forebears used to discipline their children for grammatical mistakes. We are commanded, by way of obligation or recommendation, to preserve the Arabic rule and to correct tongues that stray from it, so that our way of understanding the Book and the Sunna, and of following the Arabs in their speech, is preserved. Were people left to their mistakes, it would be a deficiency and a fault.”
وَمَعْلُومٌ أَنَّ تَعَلُّمَ الْعَرَبِيَّةِ وَتَعْلِيمَ الْعَرَبِيَّةِ فَرْضٌ عَلَى الْكِفَايَةِ، وَكَانَ السَّلَفُ يُؤَدِّبُونَ أَوْلَادَهُمْ عَلَى اللَّحْنِ… فَلَوْ تُرِكَ النَّاسُ عَلَى لَحْنِهِمْ كَانَ نَقْصاً وَعَيْباً.
Ibn Taymiyya
d. 728 AH / 1328 CE
 From the author's own Arabic
“The religious law is Arabic; and since it is Arabic, no one understands it as it should be understood except one who understands the Arabic language as it should be understood.”
إِنَّ الشَّرِيعَةَ عَرَبِيَّةٌ وَإِذَا كَانَتْ عَرَبِيَّةً فَلَا يَفْهَمُهَا حَقَّ الْفَهْمِ إِلَّا مَنْ فَهِمَ اللُّغَةَ الْعَرَبِيَّةَ حَقَّ الْفَهْمِ
al-Shatibi
d. 790 AH / 1388 CE

Some well-known sayings attributed to Western scholars have not been traced to an original and are not published: one credited to Krachkovsky (we searched the whole of his history of Arabic geographical literature), one credited to Germanus (not in any of his articles in al-Risāla), others credited to Marçais and Berque, and one credited to Brockelmann ("through the Qur’an Arabic reached an extent…"). The saying credited to al-Asma‘i is one he transmits from al-Khalil from Ayyub al-Sakhtiyani, whose saying is in this section. The saying credited to "William Work" has no such author: the name is a corruption of William H. Worrell, director of the American School of Oriental Research in Jerusalem, and its source has not been found. The claim that Chomsky was influenced by Sībawayh was denied by Chomsky himself in two published e-mails.